This study evaluates the performance of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The aim is to analyze the impact of membrane characteristics on the general treatment effectiveness. A variety of PVDF hollow fiber membranes with different pore sizes and surface structures ar

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has emerged as a promising solution for treating wastewater due to its ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs combine the principles of biological treatment with membrane filtration, resulting in an efficient a

Nanobubbles are emerging as a groundbreaking solution in the agricultural sector. These tiny gas bubbles, measuring just nanometers in diameter, possess unique properties that improve plant growth and crop yields. By utilizing nanobubbles into irrigation systems or soil amendments, farmers can maxim